Oral Presentation
X-ray Winds In Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING) - I: Legacy Surveys of Galaxies with Ultrafast Outflows and Warm Absorbers in z ~ 0-4
Presenter: Satoshi Yamada (RIKEN)
As an inaugural investigation under the X-ray Winds In Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING) program, we assembled a dataset comprising 133 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) spanning redshifts z ~ 0-4 characterized by blueshifted absorption lines indicative of X-ray winds. Through an exhaustive review of previous research, we compiled the outflow parameters for 575 X-ray winds, encompassing key attributes such as outflow velocities (Vout; km/s), ionization parameters (Xi), and mass outflow rates. By leveraging these parameters, we systematically categorized the winds into three distinct groups: (1) ultrafast outflows (UFOs; logVout\gt4, logXi\gt2), (2) low-ionization parameter (low-IP) UFOs (logVout\gt4, logXi\lt2), and (3) warm absorbers (logVout\lt4). A notable finding was the identification of a velocity gap around Vout ~ 10,000 km/s. This gap was particularly evident in the winds detected via absorption lines within the \lt2 keV band, indicating different origins for low-IP UFOs and warm absorbers. In cases involving Fe XXV/Fe XXVI (6.7/7.0 keV) lines, where the gap might be attributed to potential confusion between emission/absorption lines, the possibility of UFOs and galactic-scale warm absorbers being disconnected is considered. An examination of the outflow and dust sublimation radii revealed a distinction: UFOs appear to consist of dust-free material, whereas warm absorbers likely comprise dusty gas. From 2024, the XRISM is poised to alleviate observational biases, providing insights into the authenticity of the identified Vout gap, a pivotal question in comprehending AGN feedback from UFOs (Yamada+24b, ApJS, submitted). Finally, we will report the latest results of the UV-to-radio SED fittings and studies on their multiphase outflows.
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